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The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency fuel storage of oil maintained by the United States Department of Energy. It is the largest emergency supply in the world with the capacity to hold up to .〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://energy.gov/fe/services/petroleum-reserves )〕 The current inventory is displayed on the SPR's website.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strategic Petroleum Reserve Inventory )〕 , the inventory was . This equates to about days of oil at 2013 daily US consumption levels of 〔() United States - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)〕 or days at 2013 daily US import levels of .〔(U.S. Total Crude Oil and Products Imports ) U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)〕 At recent market prices ($69 a barrel as of December 2014〔() WTI & Brent Crude Oil Prices〕) the SPR holds over $18.0 billion in sweet crude and approximately $25.5 billion in sour crude (assuming a $15/barrel discount for sulfur content). The total value of the crude in the SPR is approximately $43.5 billion. The price paid for the oil is $20.1 billion (an average of $28.42 per barrel). Purchases of crude oil resumed in January 2009 using revenues available from the 2005 Hurricane Katrina emergency sale. The DOE purchased at a cost of $553 million.〔() DOE SPR site〕 The United States started the petroleum reserve in 1975 after oil supplies were cut off during the 1973-74 oil embargo, to mitigate future temporary supply disruptions. According to the World Factbook, the United States imports a net of oil a day (MMbd), so the SPR holds about a 58-day supply (when accounting for domestic production). However, the maximum total withdrawal capability from the SPR is only per day, so it would take over 160 days to use the entire inventory. == Facilities == The SPR management office is located in New Orleans, Louisiana. The reserve is stored at four sites on the Gulf of Mexico, each located near a major center of petrochemical refining and processing. Each site contains a number of artificial caverns created in salt domes below the surface. Individual caverns within a site can be up to 1000 m below the surface, average dimensions are 60 m wide and 600 m deep, and capacity ranges from . Almost $4 billion was spent on the facilities. The decision to store in caverns was made in order to reduce costs; the Department of Energy claims it is roughly 10 times cheaper to store oil below surface with the added advantages of no leaks and a constant natural churn of the oil due to a temperature gradient in the caverns. The caverns were created by drilling down and then dissolving the salt with water. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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